| 2025年高考数学新高考Ⅱ-11 |
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2026-10-10 17:45:35 |
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(6分)双曲线$C:\dfrac{{x}^{2}}{{a}^{2}}-\dfrac{{y}^{2}}{{b}^{2}}=1(a > 0,b > 0)$的左、右焦点分别是$F_{1}$,$F_{2}$,左、右顶点分别为$A_{1}$,$A_{2}$,以$F_{1}F_{2}$为直径的圆与曲线$C$的一条渐近线交于$M$,$N$两点,且$\anglele NA_{1}M=\dfrac{5\boldsymbol{\pi} }{6}$,则( ) A.$\anglele A_{1}MA_{2}=\dfrac{\boldsymbol{\pi} }{6}$ B.$\vert MA_{1}\vert \ =2\vert MA_{2}\vert$ C.$C$的离心率为$\sqrt{13}$ D.当$a=\sqrt{2}$时,四边形$NA_{1}MA_{2}$的面积为$8\sqrt{3}$ 〖答案〗$ACD$ 〖分析〗根据题意作出图形,由对称性可知,四边形$NA_{1}MA_{2}$为平行四边形,可判断$A$;根据$OM=ON=c$,以及渐近线方程,可得$M(a,b)$,$N(-a,-b)$,根据正弦定理可判断$B$;由$A$、$B$选项分析,可得$\dfrac{b}{a}$,可求出离心率,判断$C$;由前述分析,可得平行四边形$MA_{1}NA_{2}$面积,判断$D$. 〖解答〗解:如图,
不妨设$M$在第一象限,渐近线为$y=\dfrac{b}{a}x$, 对于$A$,由对称性可知,四边形$NA_{1}MA_{2}$为平行四边形,所以$\anglele A_{1}MA_{2}=\boldsymbol{\pi} -\anglele NA_{1}M=\dfrac{\boldsymbol{\pi} }{6}$,故$A$对; 对于$B$,由已知,$OM=ON=c$,可得$MA_{2}$和$NA_{1}$垂直于$x$轴, 所以$\anglele MA_{1}A_{2}=\dfrac{5\boldsymbol{\pi} }{6}-\dfrac{\boldsymbol{\pi} }{2}=\dfrac{\boldsymbol{\pi} }{3}$, 由正弦定理得,$\dfrac{\vert M{A}_{1}\vert }{\vert M{A}_{2}\vert }=\dfrac{\sin \dfrac{\boldsymbol{\pi} }{2}}{\sin \dfrac{\boldsymbol{\pi} }{3}}=\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{3}}$,故$B$错; 对于$C$,由前述分析知,$\dfrac{2a}{b}=\tan \dfrac{\boldsymbol{\pi} }{6}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\Rightarrow e=\dfrac{c}{a}=\sqrt{1+\dfrac{b^{2}}{a^{2}}}=\sqrt{1+(2\sqrt{3})^{2}}=\sqrt{13}$,故$C$正确; 对于$D$,由前述分析,平行四边形$MA_{1}NA_{2}$面积$S=2ab=4\sqrt{3}a^{2}=8\sqrt{3}$,故$D$正确. 故选:$ACD$. 〖点评〗本题主要考查直线与双曲线的综合,属于中档题.
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