| 2025年高考数学新高考Ⅱ-17 |
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2026-10-10 17:46:28 |
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(15分)如图,四边形$ABCD$中,$AB//CD$,$\anglele DAB=90^\circ$,$F$为$CD$中点,点$E$在$AB$上,$EF//AD$,$AB=3AD$,$CD=2AD$.将四边形$EFDA$沿$EF$翻折至四边形$EFD\prime A\prime$,使得面$EFD\prime A\prime$与面$EFCB$所成的二面角为$60^\circ$. (1)证明:$A\prime B//$平面$CD\prime F$; (2)求面$BCD\prime$与面$EFD\prime A\prime$所成二面角的正弦值.
〖答案〗(1)证明过程见解析; (2)$\dfrac{\sqrt{42}}{7}$. 〖分析〗(1)结合折叠前四边形$AEFD$为矩形,折叠后不变的平行关系,证出平面$A\prime EB//$平面$CD\prime F$,即可证得结论; (2)如图建立空间直角坐标系,分别求出两个半平面的法向量,套公式求解. 〖解答〗解:(1)证明:因为在四边形$ABCD$中,$AB//CD$,且$EF//AD$,所以$AEFD$, 又$\anglele DAB=90^\circ$,所以四边形$AEFD$为矩形, 折叠后,显然$EB//FC$,$EB\not\subsetset$平面$CD\prime F$,$FC\subset$平面$CD\prime F$, 所以$EB//$平面$CD\prime F$, 又$EA\prime //FD\prime$,且$FD\prime \subset$平面$CD\prime F$,$EA\prime \not\subsetset$平面$CD\prime F$, 所以$EA\prime //$平面$CD\prime F$, 又$EA\prime \bigcap EB=E$,所以平面$EA\prime B//$平面$CD\prime F$,又$A\prime B\subset$平面$EA\prime B$, 所以$A\prime B//$平面$CD\prime F$; (2)由$\anglele DAB=90^\circ$,$EF//AD$,所以$EF\bot CD$,所以$EF\bot FC$,$EF\bot FD\prime$, 所以面$EFD\prime A\prime$与面$EFCB$所成二面角的平面角为$\anglele CFD\prime =60^\circ$, 结合$CF\bigcap FD\prime =F$,所以$EF\bot$平面$CFD\prime$,可得平面$CFD\prime \bot$平面$EBCF$, 又$F$为$CD$的中点,所以△$CFD\prime$为等边△, 如图以$F$为原点建立空间直角坐标系,设$AB=3AD=6$,则$CD=2AD=4$, 所以$F(0$,0,$0)$,$E(2$,0,$0)$,$C(0$,2,$0)$,$B(2$,4,$0)$,$D\prime (0$,1,$\sqrt{3})$, 所以$\overrightarrow{FE}=(2,0,0)$,$\overrightarrow{FD\prime }=(0$,1,$\sqrt{3})$,$\overrightarrow{CB}=(2,2,0)$,$\overrightarrow{CD\prime }=(0,-1,\sqrt{3})$, 设平面$EFD\prime A\prime$的法向量为$\overrightarrow{m}=(x,y,z)$, 则$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{\overrightarrow{m}\cdot \overrightarrow{FE}=2x=0}\\ {\overrightarrow{m}\cdot \overrightarrow{FD\prime }=y+\sqrt{3}z=0}\end{array}\right.$,可得$\overrightarrow{m}=(0,-\sqrt{3},1)$, 再设平面$BCD\prime$的法向量$\overrightarrow{n}=(x,y,z)$, 则$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{\overrightarrow{n}\cdot \overrightarrow{CB}=2x+2y=0}\\ {\overrightarrow{n}\cdot \overrightarrow{CD\prime }=-y+\sqrt{3}z=0}\end{array}\right.$,解得$\overrightarrow{n}=(-\sqrt{3},\sqrt{3},1)$,
设面$BCD\prime$与面$EFD\prime A\prime$所成二面角为$\theta$, 则$\vert \cos \theta \vert =\dfrac{\vert \overrightarrow{m}\cdot \overrightarrow{n}\vert }{\vert \overrightarrow{m}\vert \vert \overrightarrow{n}\vert }=\dfrac{\vert 0\times (-\sqrt{3})-\sqrt{3}\times \sqrt{3}+1\times 1\vert }{\sqrt{(-\sqrt{3})^{2}+{1}^{2}}\sqrt{(-\sqrt{3})^{2}+(\sqrt{3})^{2}+{1}^{2}}}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{7}}$, 所以$\sin \theta =\sqrt{1-co{s}^{2}\theta }=\dfrac{\sqrt{42}}{7}$. 〖点评〗本题考查空间线面位置关系的证明,以及利用坐标法求二面角,属于中档题.
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